In: Braunwald E, ed.

Often, stage 1 electrocardiographic (ECG) findings are absent (see The following conditions may also cause acute pericarditis:Vasculitis (eg, giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis)Richard Bright described uremic pericarditis in 1836. Presence of a large pericardial effusion or tamponade Perforation, as well as direct catheter infusion of fluids, can cause tamponade. Dressler's syndrome is believed to be an immune system response after damage to heart tissue or to the pericardium, from events such as a heart attack, surgery or traumatic injury. CT of bronchopericardial fistula: an unusual complication of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV infection.

Mastroianni A, Coronado O, Chiodo F. Tuberculous pericarditis and AIDS: case reports and review.

Hazelrigg SR, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Acuff TE, Seifert PE, Auer JE.

Hajduczok ZD, Ferguson DW. Imazio M, Brucato A, Mayosi BM, et al.

The pericardium may develop a serous or hemorrhagic effusion.

Courtesy of Zhi Zhou, MD. Imazio M, Brucato A, Maestroni S, et al. Imazio M, Brucato A, Maestroni S, et al. It is not helpful for evaluating the presence of pericardial fluid, as patients with small effusions (less than a few hundred milliliters) may present with a normal cardiac silhouette; it is only helpful for diagnosing fluid in patients with effusions larger than 250 mL.Laboratory tests may include CBC; serum electrolyte, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; and cardiac biomarker measurements, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT; AST) levels. Common causes include acute myocardial infarction (MI), postinfarction (including Dressler syndrome), uremia, radiation, RA, SLE, and trauma.

Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports. When pericarditis associated with Dressler syndrome does occur, it is usually observed 2-3 weeks after a myocardial infarction. Endorsed by The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). The pericardial potential space is obliterated, and adhesion of the external surface of the parietal layer to surrounding structures occurs.

Idiopathic pericarditis-an autoinflammatory disease?. Hemorrhagic pericarditis is common after cardiac surgery or trauma and may cause tamponade. Hargreaves M, Bashir Y. Postcardiotomy syndrome following transvenous pacemaker insertion.

Frequency and prognostic significance of pericarditis following acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

In: Braunwald E, ed. (Optional)

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for refractory recurrent pericarditis. In a review of a large vaccination program in the US military, approximately 12 per 100,000 vaccinated troops developed myopericarditis within 14 days of vaccination.Pericardial disease is the most common cardiac toxicity from radiation therapy. The postcardiac injury syndrome: case report and review of the literature. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit.

Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports. [Guideline] Maisch B, Seferovic PM, Ristic AD, et al, for the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Infectious and noninfectious acute pericarditis in children: an 11-year experience. Colchicine for large pericardial effusion. With constriction, the pericardium becomes thickened and adherent to the heart and restricts filling of the ventricles. Johnston DR. Surgical management of pericardial diseases.

Initial echocardiographic characteristics of pericardial effusion determine the pericardial complications. During inspiration, systolic pressure declines 20 mm Hg. Khandaker MH, Espinosa RE, Nishimura RA, et al. Frequency and predictors of urgent coronary angiography in patients with acute pericarditis. /viewarticle/927705 Pap stain, high power magnification of adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pericardium on pericardiocentesis with the red arrow showing a normal mesothelial cell and the black arrowhead showing adenocarcinoma. 2002 Pericardial involvement is frequent in persons with HIV, but is usually an asymptomatic pericardial effusion of small volume.

Stage 1 electrocardiograph changes in a patient with acute pericarditis. Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD, eds. Dressler's syndrome is a type of pericarditis — inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). However, postpericardiotomy syndrome has also been described following myocardial infarction (… McNamara N, Ibrahim A, Satti Z, Ibrahim M, Kiernan TJ.

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Procedures The cardiovascular effects of colchicine: a comprehensive review.

Pericardiocentesis alone results in resolution of large effusions; however, recurrence is common.Viral infection is the most common cause of acute pericarditis and accounts for 1-10% of cases.

Zeltser I, Rhodes LA, Tanel RE, et al.

Pericardial disease: diagnosis and management.

/viewarticle/907965

Dressler's syndrome may also be called postpericardiotomy syndrome, postmyocardial infarction syndrome and … ACR Appropriateness Criteria dyspnea-suspected cardiac origin.

The high prevalence of postpericardiotomy syndrome and quite low prevalence of constriction suggests that a direct association is unlikely.

Part B courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Patrick J Lynch and C Carl Jaffe. Soler-Soler J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Sagrista-Sauleda J. Purulent pericarditis is associated with a mortality rate nearing 100% for untreated persons and a mortality rate of 12-40% for treated patients.

American College of Cardiology. Tamarappoo BK, Klein AL. Prevention of recurrent pericarditis with colchicine in 2012.

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