The UVF opposed Home Rule for Ireland and wished to maintain the union with Britain. A number of the officers and men of the UVF had also served in the militia (1854–1908), a part-time military force created by the British government, and its successor, the Special Reserve, a part-time force whose members had a duty to go on overseas service in wartime.At the time of the first two Home Rule bills Ulster unionists had been involved in limited amounts of military activity that set a template for the events of 1913–14. By the end of 1911, the police had firm evidence that Orange lodges in County Armagh had started to obtain rifles. Curiously, before 1920 the United Kingdom had very lax firearms legislation; on payment of 10s. This campaign was opposed by Protestants who had a substantial majority in some of the counties in Ulster. The RIC believed that around 200 men were being drilled, armed with nothing more than dummy guns. Later that year, Irish nationalists formed a rival militia, the Irish Volunteers , to safeguard Home Rule. Bowman, Carson’s Army: the Ulster Volunteer Force, 1910–1922 (Manchester, 2007).R. The Enniskillen Horse—what can now be identified as the first formed UVF regiment—parading through the town on 18 September 1912 to welcome Sir Edward Carson’s visit to launch the Ulster Covenant campaign. Jump to navigation. Copyright © 2020 History Publications Ltd, Unit 9, 78 Furze Road, Sandyford, Dublin 18, Ireland | Tel. On 23 September 1913, the 500 delegates of the Ulster Unionist Council met to discuss the practicalities of setting up a provisional government for Ulster, should Home Rule be implemented.On 25 November 1913, partly in response to the formation of the UVF, Irish nationalists formed the The third Home Rule Bill was eventually passed despite the objections of the House of Lords, whose power of veto had been abolished under the Although many UVF officers left to join the British Army during the war, the unionist leadership wanted to preserve the UVF as a viable force, aware that the issue of Home Rule and partition would be revisited when the war ended. Most of this drilling appears to have been organised by Major Gerard Irvine, a major landowner. It is hoped Fairly large-scale gunrunning was clearly going on in 1913,and this is evidenced by the fact that the Metropolitan Police, showing rather more initiative than county constabularies in Britain or the RIC, did seize 4,500 Italian rifles destined for the UVF in Hammersmith in June 1913.

The local district inspector of the RIC felt that the prosecution of Irvine would serve no useful purpose, as it would simply serve to publicise his activities and political views. From History Ireland: The foundation of the UVF. See an approximate representation of the area that will be printed on your standard 6inch by 4 inch postcard. This was only resolved in July 1914, when the English attorney general pointed out that the illegal distillation of spirits was essentially an excise matter but that this had never prevented the RIC from seizing illegally distilled alcohol! HITimothy Bowman is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Kent.T. P.15.Michael Hopkinson, The Irish War of Independence, p263 Irish (National) Volunteers, a militia founded 25 November 1913 at the Rotunda in Dublin They were founded as a direct response to the UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force, founded 1912). Similarly, the importation of arms into Ireland was not illegal until two royal proclamations were issued in December 1913, but even then rifles could still be imported for ‘sporting purposes’. It appears that the Young Ulster movement petered out as Crawford became worried that his arrest was increasingly likely and, of course, the Second Home Rule Bill was defeated in parliament.During the third Home Rule crisis, Ulster unionists were engaged in paramilitary activity long before any parliamentary process opposing Home Rule could be said to have failed. Ulster unionists muddied the legal waters further by getting two local justices of the peace (almost invariably landowners or businessmen with unionist sympathies) to approve drilling by UVF units in their areas, as they were entitled to do under an act of 1819, and threatening RIC officers with legal action for trespass when they took too close an interest in the UVF training that was taking place on landed estates.As early as September 1911, RIC special branch noted that many unionists owned cheap revolvers and shotguns, and by September 1912 they believed that large numbers of rifles had been hidden away by unionists in Ulster.

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